feat(paint-slots): round-2 feedback — fence 2 slots + UVs, roof defaults, stair body

- fence: split into two paint slots — panel (posts/base/infill, default charcoal)
  and rail (cap, default wood-finewood27) — as separate meshes with userData.slotId.
  Fix applyFenceUVs to continuous world-space 1 UV unit = 1 m (drop the per-part
  min origin that broke tiling across parts). New generateFenceSlotGeometries.
- roof: real catalog defaults for the segment surfaces via getRoofMaterialArray
  (the actual default path): wall/trim concrete-plate (matches walls), deck +
  soffit soft-white, shingle terracotta; textures-off role escape hatch kept.
  Align nodes getRoofMaterials no-parent fallback to match.
- stair: body slot default -> preset-lightgrey.
- (biome formatting normalization of the round-1 merged renderer files rides along.)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

packages/nodes/src/column/renderer.tsx

@@ -2288,11 +2288,7 @@ function ColumnBody({ node }: { node: ColumnNode }) {
       <ColumnSlot slotId="shaft">
         <Shaft height={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} node={node} y={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
         <Rings node={node} shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
-        <LatheBands
+        <LatheBands node={node} shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
-          node={node}
-          shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
-          shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY}
-        />
         <Flutes node={node} shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
         <LowerCarvedBand
           node={node}
@@ -2304,11 +2300,7 @@ function ColumnBody({ node }: { node: ColumnNode }) {
           shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
           shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY}
         />
-        <SpiralRibs
+        <SpiralRibs node={node} shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight} shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY} />
-          node={node}
-          shaftHeight={shaftLayout.shaftHeight}
-          shaftY={shaftLayout.shaftY}
-        />
       </ColumnSlot>
       <ColumnSlot slotId="capital">
         <Capital

packages/nodes/src/elevator/definition.ts

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import {
 } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { buildElevatorFloorplan } from './floorplan'
 import { elevatorResizeAffordance, elevatorRotateAffordance } from './floorplan-affordances'
-import { elevatorParametrics } from './parametrics'
 import { elevatorPaint } from './paint'
+import { elevatorParametrics } from './parametrics'
 import { ElevatorNode } from './schema'
 import { elevatorSlots } from './slots'
 

packages/nodes/src/elevator/renderer.tsx

@@ -1577,7 +1577,9 @@ export const ElevatorRenderer = ({ node }: { node: ElevatorNode }) => {
                   scale={[0.18, 0.42, 0.04]}
                 />
                 <ElevatorMeshButton
-                active={!isDisabledLevel && !isServiceOnlyLevel && isCurrentLevel && doorOpen > 0.5}
+                  active={
+                    !isDisabledLevel && !isServiceOnlyLevel && isCurrentLevel && doorOpen > 0.5
+                  }
                   buttonKind="landing"
                   disabled={isDisabledLevel || isServiceOnlyLevel}
                   elevatorId={elevatorId}
@@ -1587,7 +1589,9 @@ export const ElevatorRenderer = ({ node }: { node: ElevatorNode }) => {
                   radius={0.045}
                 />
                 <BoxPrimitive
-                material={isQueuedLevel ? QUEUE_STRIP_MATERIALS.queued : QUEUE_STRIP_MATERIALS.idle}
+                  material={
+                    isQueuedLevel ? QUEUE_STRIP_MATERIALS.queued : QUEUE_STRIP_MATERIALS.idle
+                  }
                   position={[0, -0.12, -0.035]}
                   scale={[0.095, 0.025, 0.012]}
                 />

packages/nodes/src/elevator/slots.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ export function elevatorSlots(node: ElevatorNode): SlotDeclaration[] {
     getResolvedElevatorShaftStyle(node.shaftStyle) === 'glass' ||
     getResolvedElevatorDoorPanelStyle(node.doorPanelStyle) === 'glass-frame'
 
-  if (hasGlass) slots.push({ slotId: 'glass', label: 'Glass', default: ELEVATOR_GLASS_SLOT_DEFAULT })
+  if (hasGlass)
+    slots.push({ slotId: 'glass', label: 'Glass', default: ELEVATOR_GLASS_SLOT_DEFAULT })
 
   return slots
 }

packages/nodes/src/fence/geometry.ts

@@ -5,30 +5,30 @@ import {
   createDefaultMaterial,
   createMaterial,
   createSurfaceRoleMaterial,
-  generateFenceGeometry,
+  generateFenceSlotGeometries,
   type RenderShading,
   resolveMaterialRef,
   resolveSlotDefaultMaterial,
 } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
 import { FrontSide, Group, type Material, Mesh, type Texture } from 'three'
 import type { FenceNode } from './schema'
-import { FENCE_SLOT_DEFAULT } from './slots'
+import { FENCE_PANEL_SLOT_DEFAULT, FENCE_RAIL_SLOT_DEFAULT, type FenceSlotId } from './slots'
 
 /**
- * Stage B builder for fence. Reuses the legacy `generateFenceGeometry`
+ * Stage B builder for fence. Splits the geometry into two paintable slots —
- * (pure function from viewer that returns a merged BufferGeometry of
+ * `panel` (posts / base / infill) and `rail` (the cap rail) — each its own Mesh
- * posts + base + top rail + curve spans) and wraps it in a Mesh-in-Group
+ * with a `userData.slotId` so the unified slot paint resolves and previews per
- * shape the generic `<GeometrySystem>` expects.
+ * part.
  *
- * Materials follow the unified slot model: the single `surface` slot resolves
+ * Per slot the material resolves: `node.slots[slotId]` (a shared scene material
- * `node.slots.surface` (a shared scene material or `library:` finish) → the
+ * or `library:` finish) → the legacy inline `node.material` / `materialPreset`
- * legacy inline `node.material` / `materialPreset` (pre-slot-model scenes) →
+ * (pre-slot-model scenes, applied to both parts) → the declared slot default.
- * the declared slot default. Textures-off collapses to themed joinery.
+ * Textures-off collapses both parts to the themed joinery role.
  *
- * Phase 6 cleanup moves the 280 lines of geometry math out of the
+ * Phase 6 cleanup moves the geometry math out of the legacy
- * legacy `viewer/src/systems/fence/fence-system.tsx` into this folder
+ * `viewer/src/systems/fence/fence-system.tsx` into this folder once the legacy
- * once the legacy system file is deleted. Until then `generateFenceGeometry`
+ * system file is deleted. Until then `generateFenceSlotGeometries` is publicly
- * is publicly re-exported from viewer.
+ * re-exported from viewer.
  */
 type FenceMaterial = Material & {
   alphaMap?: Texture | null
@@ -37,10 +37,16 @@ type FenceMaterial = Material & {
   transparent: boolean
 }
 
+const SLOT_DEFAULTS: Record<FenceSlotId, string> = {
+  panel: FENCE_PANEL_SLOT_DEFAULT,
+  rail: FENCE_RAIL_SLOT_DEFAULT,
+}
+
 const fenceMaterialCache = new Map<string, Material>()
 
-function getFenceMaterial(
+function getFenceSlotMaterial(
   node: FenceNode,
+  slotId: FenceSlotId,
   shading: RenderShading,
   textures: boolean,
   colorPreset: ColorPreset,
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ function getFenceMaterial(
     return createSurfaceRoleMaterial('joinery', colorPreset, FrontSide, sceneTheme)
   }
 
-  const slotRef = node.slots?.surface
+  const slotRef = node.slots?.[slotId]
   if (slotRef) {
     const resolved = resolveMaterialRef(slotRef, sceneMaterials, shading)
     if (resolved) return resolved
@@ -61,7 +67,7 @@ function getFenceMaterial(
     return getLegacyFenceMaterial(node, shading)
   }
 
-  return resolveSlotDefaultMaterial(FENCE_SLOT_DEFAULT, shading, 0.8)
+  return resolveSlotDefaultMaterial(SLOT_DEFAULTS[slotId], shading, 0.8)
 }
 
 function getLegacyFenceMaterial(node: FenceNode, shading: RenderShading): Material {
@@ -105,13 +111,26 @@ export function buildFenceGeometry(
   sceneTheme?: string,
 ): Group {
   const group = new Group()
-  const geometry = generateFenceGeometry(node)
+  const geometries = generateFenceSlotGeometries(node)
-  const material = getFenceMaterial(node, shading, textures, colorPreset, sceneTheme, ctx?.materials)
+
+  for (const slotId of ['panel', 'rail'] as const) {
+    const geometry = geometries[slotId]
+    if (geometry.getAttribute('position') === undefined) continue
+    const material = getFenceSlotMaterial(
+      node,
+      slotId,
+      shading,
+      textures,
+      colorPreset,
+      sceneTheme,
+      ctx?.materials,
+    )
     const mesh = new Mesh(geometry, material)
     mesh.castShadow = true
     mesh.receiveShadow = true
-  mesh.userData.slotId = 'surface'
+    mesh.userData.slotId = slotId
-  mesh.userData.surfaceRole = 'joinery'
     group.add(mesh)
+  }
+
   return group
 }

packages/nodes/src/fence/paint.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-import type { AnyNode, FenceNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import type { AnyNode, FenceNode, PaintResolveArgs } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { createSlotPaintCapability, previewGeometrySlot } from '../shared/slot-paint'
 
+function resolveFenceRole(args: PaintResolveArgs): string | null {
+  const slotId = (args.hitObject?.userData as { slotId?: unknown } | undefined)?.slotId
+  return slotId === 'panel' || slotId === 'rail' ? slotId : null
+}
+
 export const fencePaint = createSlotPaintCapability({
-  resolveRole: () => 'surface',
+  resolveRole: resolveFenceRole,
   applyPreview: previewGeometrySlot,
   legacyEffective: (node: AnyNode) => {
     const fence = node as FenceNode

packages/nodes/src/fence/slots.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 import type { SlotDeclaration } from '@pascal-app/core'
 
-export type FenceSlotId = 'surface'
+export type FenceSlotId = 'panel' | 'rail'
 
-export const FENCE_SLOT_DEFAULT = 'library:wood-finewood27'
+// Body (posts / base / infill) reads as a dark composite by default; the rail
+// cap as wood. Both are repaintable per slot.
+export const FENCE_PANEL_SLOT_DEFAULT = 'library:preset-charcoal'
+export const FENCE_RAIL_SLOT_DEFAULT = 'library:wood-finewood27'
 
 export function fenceSlots(): SlotDeclaration[] {
-  return [{ slotId: 'surface', label: 'Surface', default: FENCE_SLOT_DEFAULT }]
+  return [
+    { slotId: 'panel', label: 'Panel', default: FENCE_PANEL_SLOT_DEFAULT },
+    { slotId: 'rail', label: 'Rail', default: FENCE_RAIL_SLOT_DEFAULT },
+  ]
 }

packages/nodes/src/roof/roof-materials.ts

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import {
   type ColorPreset,
   createDefaultMaterial,
   createSurfaceRoleMaterial,
-  resolveSlotDefaultMaterial,
   type RenderShading,
+  resolveSlotDefaultMaterial,
 } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
 import * as THREE from 'three'
 
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@ export function getRoofMaterials(
 
   const materials = textures
     ? [
-        createDefaultMaterial('white', 1, shading, THREE.DoubleSide), // 0: Wall/Trim
+        // Mirrors getRoofMaterialArray's catalog defaults (wall/trim concrete,
-        createDefaultMaterial('#e5e5e5', 1, shading, THREE.FrontSide), // 1: Deck
+        // soft-white deck + soffit, terracotta shingle) for the no-parent path.
-        createDefaultMaterial('white', 1, shading, THREE.DoubleSide), // 2: Interior
+        resolveSlotDefaultMaterial('library:concrete-plate', shading), // 0: Wall/Trim
-        resolveSlotDefaultMaterial('library:roof-weatheredshingles', shading), // 3: Shingle
+        resolveSlotDefaultMaterial('library:preset-softwhite', shading), // 1: Deck
+        resolveSlotDefaultMaterial('library:preset-softwhite', shading), // 2: Interior
+        resolveSlotDefaultMaterial('library:roof-terracottatiles', shading), // 3: Shingle
       ]
     : [
         createSurfaceRoleMaterial('roof', colorPreset),

packages/nodes/src/stair/definition.ts

@@ -406,8 +406,8 @@ import {
   stairRotateAffordance,
 } from './floorplan-affordances'
 import { stairFloorplanMoveTarget } from './floorplan-move'
-import { stairParametrics } from './parametrics'
 import { stairPaint } from './paint'
+import { stairParametrics } from './parametrics'
 import { StairNode } from './schema'
 import { stairSlots } from './slots'
 

packages/nodes/src/stair/paint.ts

@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ function isStairSlotId(value: unknown): value is StairSlotId {
 }
 
 function resolveStairPaintRole(args: PaintResolveArgs): StairSlotId | null {
-  const userData = args.hitObject?.userData as
+  const userData = args.hitObject?.userData as { slotId?: unknown; slotIds?: unknown } | undefined
-    | { slotId?: unknown; slotIds?: unknown }
-    | undefined
 
   if (isStairSlotId(userData?.slotId)) {
     return userData.slotId

packages/nodes/src/stair/renderer.tsx

@@ -160,9 +160,7 @@ export const StairRenderer = ({ node: rawNode }: { node: StairNode }) => {
           userData={STAIR_BODY_SLOT_USER_DATA}
         />
       ) : null}
-      {isSegmentBasedStair ? null : (
+      {isSegmentBasedStair ? null : <CurvedStairBody bodyMaterials={bodyMaterials} stair={node} />}
-        <CurvedStairBody bodyMaterials={bodyMaterials} stair={node} />
-      )}
       <StairRailings material={railingMaterial} stair={node} />
       {isSegmentBasedStair ? (
         <group name="segments-wrapper" visible={false}>

packages/nodes/src/stair/slots.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { SlotDeclaration, StairNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
 export type StairSlotId = 'treads' | 'body' | 'railing'
 
 export const STAIR_TREADS_SLOT_DEFAULT = 'library:wood-woodplank48'
-export const STAIR_BODY_SLOT_DEFAULT = 'library:wood-woodfine2'
+export const STAIR_BODY_SLOT_DEFAULT = 'library:preset-lightgrey'
 export const STAIR_RAILING_SLOT_DEFAULT = 'library:metal-steel'
 
 export function stairSlots(node: StairNode): SlotDeclaration[] {

packages/viewer/src/index.ts

@@ -97,7 +97,11 @@ export { ElevatorInteractionSystem } from './systems/elevator/elevator-interacti
 // Fence system follows the wall re-export pattern — composed into the
 // registry-driven fence definition's `def.system`. Removed in Phase 6
 // alongside the legacy fence mount point.
-export { FenceSystem, generateFenceGeometry } from './systems/fence/fence-system'
+export {
+  FenceSystem,
+  generateFenceGeometry,
+  generateFenceSlotGeometries,
+} from './systems/fence/fence-system'
 // Generic floor-elevation system. Lifts the rendered mesh of any kind
 // whose definition declares `capabilities.floorPlaced` by the slab
 // elevation under its footprint. Replaces the per-kind elevation block

packages/viewer/src/systems/fence/fence-system.tsx

@@ -100,16 +100,13 @@ function applyFenceUVs(geometry: THREE.BufferGeometry) {
 
   if (!(position && normal)) return
 
+  // World-scale triplanar UVs: 1 UV unit = 1 metre, sampled from the part's
+  // local-space (already translated into fence space) coordinates with NO
+  // per-part origin shift. A shared origin keeps a tiled finish continuous
+  // across posts, rails, and infill instead of restarting the tile at each
+  // part's own min corner (the previous behaviour, which broke the 1 m
+  // contract and made adjacent parts mistile).
   const uvs = new Float32Array(position.count * 2)
-  let minX = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
-  let minY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
-  let minZ = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
-
-  for (let index = 0; index < position.count; index += 1) {
-    minX = Math.min(minX, position.getX(index))
-    minY = Math.min(minY, position.getY(index))
-    minZ = Math.min(minZ, position.getZ(index))
-  }
 
   for (let index = 0; index < position.count; index += 1) {
     const px = position.getX(index)
@@ -123,14 +120,14 @@ function applyFenceUVs(geometry: THREE.BufferGeometry) {
     let v = 0
 
     if (ny >= nx && ny >= nz) {
-      u = px - minX
+      u = px
-      v = pz - minZ
+      v = pz
     } else if (nx >= nz) {
-      u = pz - minZ
+      u = pz
-      v = py - minY
+      v = py
     } else {
-      u = px - minX
+      u = px
-      v = py - minY
+      v = py
     }
 
     uvs[index * 2] = u
@@ -153,8 +150,16 @@ function getStyleDefaults(style: FenceNode['style']) {
   return { spacingFactor: 0.3, postFactor: 0.55, baseFactor: 1, topFactor: 0.75 }
 }
 
-function createFenceParts(fence: FenceNode): FencePart[] {
+export type FenceSlotParts = {
-  const parts: FencePart[] = []
+  /** Posts, base/kickboard, and vertical infill — the fence body. */
+  panel: FencePart[]
+  /** Top rail (and the floating style's matching bottom rail). */
+  rail: FencePart[]
+}
+
+function createFenceParts(fence: FenceNode): FenceSlotParts {
+  const panel: FencePart[] = []
+  const rail: FencePart[] = []
   const length = Math.max(getWallCurveLength(fence), 0.01)
   const panelDepth = Math.max(fence.thickness, 0.03)
   const clearance = Math.max(fence.groundClearance, 0)
@@ -173,7 +178,7 @@ function createFenceParts(fence: FenceNode): FencePart[] {
   const endInsetT = Math.max(0.501, 1 - edgeInset / length)
 
   if (!isFloating) {
-    parts.push(
+    panel.push(
       ...createFenceCurveSpanParts(
         fence,
         0,
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ function createFenceParts(fence: FenceNode): FencePart[] {
         panelDepth * 1.05,
       ),
     )
-    parts.push(
+    panel.push(
       ...createFenceCurveSpanParts(
         fence,
         0,
@@ -208,14 +213,14 @@ function createFenceParts(fence: FenceNode): FencePart[] {
       : verticalHeight
     const postY = fullHeightPost ? postHeight / 2 : verticalY
 
-    parts.push({
+    panel.push({
       position: [frame.point.x, postY, frame.point.y],
       rotationY: -frame.tangentAngle,
       scale: [postWidth, postHeight, Math.max(panelDepth * 0.35, 0.012)],
     })
   }
 
-  parts.push(
+  rail.push(
     ...createFenceCurveSpanParts(
       fence,
       0,
@@ -227,7 +232,7 @@ function createFenceParts(fence: FenceNode): FencePart[] {
   )
 
   if (isFloating) {
-    parts.push(
+    rail.push(
       ...createFenceCurveSpanParts(
         fence,
         0,
@@ -239,13 +244,11 @@ function createFenceParts(fence: FenceNode): FencePart[] {
     )
   }
 
-  return parts
+  return { panel, rail }
 }
 
-export function generateFenceGeometry(fence: FenceNode) {
+function mergeFenceParts(parts: FencePart[]): THREE.BufferGeometry {
-  const parts = createFenceParts(fence)
   const geometries = parts.map(createFencePartGeometry)
-
   const merged = mergeGeometries(geometries, false) ?? new THREE.BufferGeometry()
   geometries.forEach((geometry) => {
     geometry.dispose()
@@ -258,6 +261,24 @@ export function generateFenceGeometry(fence: FenceNode) {
   return merged
 }
 
+/**
+ * Geometry split by paint slot: the body (posts / base / infill) and the rail
+ * cap, each a separate merged BufferGeometry so the fence renderer can give
+ * each its own material + `userData.slotId`.
+ */
+export function generateFenceSlotGeometries(fence: FenceNode): {
+  panel: THREE.BufferGeometry
+  rail: THREE.BufferGeometry
+} {
+  const { panel, rail } = createFenceParts(fence)
+  return { panel: mergeFenceParts(panel), rail: mergeFenceParts(rail) }
+}
+
+export function generateFenceGeometry(fence: FenceNode) {
+  const { panel, rail } = createFenceParts(fence)
+  return mergeFenceParts([...panel, ...rail])
+}
+
 function updateFenceGeometry(fenceId: FenceNode['id']) {
   const node = useScene.getState().nodes[fenceId]
   if (!node || node.type !== 'fence') return

packages/viewer/src/systems/roof/roof-materials.ts

@@ -10,8 +10,20 @@ import {
   createMaterialFromPresetRef,
   createSurfaceRoleMaterial,
   type RenderShading,
+  resolveSlotDefaultMaterial,
 } from '../../lib/materials'
 
+// Declared catalog defaults for an unpainted roof, per the 4-slot layout
+// (0 wall/trim · 1 deck · 2 interior soffit · 3 shingle top). The wall/trim
+// band mirrors the wall kind's default (WALL_SLOT_DEFAULT = concrete-plate) so
+// a roof reads as continuous with the walls below it.
+const ROOF_DEFAULT_REFS: [string, string, string, string] = [
+  'library:concrete-plate',
+  'library:preset-softwhite',
+  'library:preset-softwhite',
+  'library:roof-terracottatiles',
+]
+
 export type RoofMaterialArray = [THREE.Material, THREE.Material, THREE.Material, THREE.Material]
 
 const roofMaterialArrayCache = new Map<string, RoofMaterialArray>()
@@ -77,30 +89,42 @@ export function getRoofMaterialArray(
     roofMaterial,
   ]
 
+  // Textures-off (monochrome) is the guaranteed escape hatch: themed role
+  // colours, no catalog finishes.
   if (!textures) {
     roofMaterialArrayCache.set(cacheKey, roleArray)
     return roleArray
   }
 
+  // Textures-on default appearance: catalog finishes per slot (terracotta
+  // shingle, soft-white deck/soffit, wall-coloured trim). Used both when the
+  // roof is unpainted and to fill any individual unpainted slot below.
+  const defaultArray: RoofMaterialArray = [
+    resolveSlotDefaultMaterial(ROOF_DEFAULT_REFS[0], shading),
+    resolveSlotDefaultMaterial(ROOF_DEFAULT_REFS[1], shading),
+    resolveSlotDefaultMaterial(ROOF_DEFAULT_REFS[2], shading),
+    resolveSlotDefaultMaterial(ROOF_DEFAULT_REFS[3], shading),
+  ]
+
   const topMaterial = createResolvedMaterial(top.material, top.materialPreset, shading)
   const edgeMaterial = createResolvedMaterial(edge.material, edge.materialPreset, shading)
   const wallMaterial = createResolvedMaterial(wall.material, wall.materialPreset, shading)
 
   if (!(topMaterial || edgeMaterial || wallMaterial)) {
-    roofMaterialArrayCache.set(cacheKey, roleArray)
+    roofMaterialArrayCache.set(cacheKey, defaultArray)
-    return roleArray
+    return defaultArray
   }
 
-  // Each slot resolves to its own role only, then the themed default — never
+  // Each slot resolves to its own role only, then the declared default — never
   // another role. Cross-role fallback here used to splatter a single painted
   // surface (e.g. the edge) across the shingle and soffit slots. The legacy
   // catch-all still fills every role because `getEffectiveRoofSurfaceMaterial`
   // returns it for top/edge/wall alike.
   const materialArray: RoofMaterialArray = [
-    edgeMaterial ?? roofMaterial,
+    edgeMaterial ?? defaultArray[0],
-    wallMaterial ?? ceilingMaterial,
+    wallMaterial ?? defaultArray[1],
-    wallMaterial ?? ceilingMaterial,
+    wallMaterial ?? defaultArray[2],
-    topMaterial ?? roofMaterial,
+    topMaterial ?? defaultArray[3],
   ]
 
   roofMaterialArrayCache.set(cacheKey, materialArray)