Fix room surfaces, wall openings, and paint scope (#498)

* chore(core): point material catalog at KTX2 tiers for wood/flooring/roofing finishes

All 48 remaining webp/jpg/png finish entries now reference _512.ktx2 maps
and 256px _thumb.webp previews, matching the fabric/leather/concrete/metal
convention. flipY set to false on the converted entries — compressed
textures can't be flipped at upload.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: stabilize room surfaces and wall openings

* style(core): format KTX2 material catalog

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

packages/core/src/index.ts

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ export {
   projectAutoSlabsForPlan,
   resumeSpaceDetection,
   type Space,
+  type SpaceBoundaryFace,
   wallClosesRoom,
   wallTouchesOthers,
 } from './lib/space-detection'

packages/core/src/lib/space-detection.test.ts

@@ -181,8 +181,14 @@ describe('detectSpacesForLevel', () => {
   }
 
   test('detects an isolated four-wall room', () => {
-    const { roomPolygons } = detectSpacesForLevel('level-1', squareWalls())
+    const walls = squareWalls()
+    const { roomPolygons, spaces } = detectSpacesForLevel('level-1', walls)
     expect(roomPolygons).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(spaces[0]?.wallIds.sort()).toEqual(walls.map((wall) => wall.id).sort())
+    expect(spaces[0]?.boundaryFaces).toHaveLength(4)
+    expect(
+      spaces[0]?.boundaryFaces.map((boundary) => [boundary.wallId, boundary.face]).sort(),
+    ).toEqual(walls.map((wall) => [wall.id, 'front']).sort())
   })
 
   test('detects a room closed against the middle of an existing wall (T-junction)', () => {
@@ -200,12 +206,24 @@ describe('detectSpacesForLevel', () => {
       WallNode.parse({ start: [3, -2], end: [3, 0] }),
     ]
 
-    const { roomPolygons } = detectSpacesForLevel('level-1', walls)
+    const { roomPolygons, spaces } = detectSpacesForLevel('level-1', walls)
     const areas = roomPolygons.map((poly) => areaOf(poly)).sort((a, b) => a - b)
 
     expect(roomPolygons).toHaveLength(2)
     expect(areas[0]).toBeCloseTo(4, 1) // small room: 2×2
     expect(areas[1]).toBeCloseTo(30, 1) // big room: 6×5
+
+    const longWallId = walls[0]!.id
+    const longWallBoundaries = spaces.flatMap((space) =>
+      space.boundaryFaces.filter((boundary) => boundary.wallId === longWallId),
+    )
+    expect(longWallBoundaries).toHaveLength(4)
+    expect(longWallBoundaries.filter((boundary) => boundary.face === 'back')).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(longWallBoundaries.filter((boundary) => boundary.face === 'front')).toHaveLength(3)
+    expect(longWallBoundaries.map((boundary) => boundary.points)).toContainEqual([
+      [1, 0],
+      [3, 0],
+    ])
   })
 })
 
@@ -333,4 +351,31 @@ describe('planAutoSlabsForLevel', () => {
     expect(plan.update).toHaveLength(0)
     expect(plan.delete).toHaveLength(0)
   })
+
+  test('manual slabs that split one room suppress a replacement full-room slab', () => {
+    const left = SlabNode.parse({
+      polygon: [
+        [0, 0],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 3],
+        [0, 3],
+      ],
+      autoFromWalls: false,
+    })
+    const right = SlabNode.parse({
+      polygon: [
+        [2, 0],
+        [4, 0],
+        [4, 3],
+        [2, 3],
+      ],
+      autoFromWalls: false,
+    })
+
+    const plan = planAutoSlabsForLevel([roomPolygon()], [left, right])
+
+    expect(plan.create).toHaveLength(0)
+    expect(plan.update).toHaveLength(0)
+    expect(plan.delete).toHaveLength(0)
+  })
 })

packages/core/src/lib/space-detection.ts

@@ -19,14 +19,26 @@ import { simplifyClosedPolygon } from './polygon-geometry'
 
 type Point2D = { x: number; y: number }
 
+export type SpaceBoundaryFace = {
+  wallId: string
+  face: 'front' | 'back'
+  points: Array<[number, number]>
+}
+
 export type Space = {
   id: string
   levelId: string
   polygon: Array<[number, number]>
   wallIds: string[]
+  boundaryFaces: SpaceBoundaryFace[]
   isExterior: boolean
 }
 
+type ExtractedRoom = {
+  polygon: Point2D[]
+  boundaryFaces: SpaceBoundaryFace[]
+}
+
 type WallSideUpdate = {
   wallId: string
   frontSide: 'interior' | 'exterior' | 'unknown'
@@ -240,15 +252,15 @@ function polygonCoverageRatio(subject: Point2D[], covers: Point2D[][]) {
 }
 
 // Demoted auto surfaces keep their polygon untouched, so a re-closed room
-// usually hits the exact-signature manual check. Mutual footprint coverage
-// still guards the case where the user edited the demoted surface's polygon
-// afterwards — a fresh auto surface must not stack on top of it.
+// usually hits the exact-signature manual check. Coverage also handles a room
+// deliberately split across multiple manual surfaces: their union suppresses
+// a replacement auto surface as long as the pieces substantially belong to
+// and cover the room.
 function matchesManualFootprint(roomPolygon: Point2D[], manualPolygons: Point2D[][]) {
-  return manualPolygons.some(
-    (manual) =>
-      polygonCoverageRatio(roomPolygon, [manual]) >= ORPHAN_MERGE_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD &&
-      polygonCoverageRatio(manual, [roomPolygon]) >= ORPHAN_MERGE_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD,
+  const roomManualPolygons = manualPolygons.filter(
+    (manual) => polygonCoverageRatio(manual, [roomPolygon]) >= ORPHAN_MERGE_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD,
   )
+  return polygonCoverageRatio(roomPolygon, roomManualPolygons) >= ORPHAN_MERGE_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD
 }
 
 function pointDistanceToPolygonBoundary(point: Point2D, polygon: Point2D[]) {
@@ -460,7 +472,7 @@ function splitStraightWallAtVertices(start: Point2D, end: Point2D, vertices: Poi
   return ordered
 }
 
-function extractRoomPolygons(walls: WallNode[]): Point2D[][] {
+function extractRooms(walls: WallNode[]): ExtractedRoom[] {
   if (walls.length < 3) return []
 
   type HalfEdge = {
@@ -470,6 +482,8 @@ function extractRoomPolygons(walls: WallNode[]): Point2D[][] {
     toKey: string
     angle: number
     points: Point2D[]
+    wallId: string
+    face: 'front' | 'back'
   }
   type Node = { point: Point2D; outgoing: string[] }
 
@@ -535,6 +549,8 @@ function extractRoomPolygons(walls: WallNode[]): Point2D[][] {
         toKey,
         angle: Math.atan2(points[1]!.y - from.y, points[1]!.x - from.x),
         points,
+        wallId: wall.id,
+        face: 'front',
       })
       halfEdges.set(reverseId, {
         id: reverseId,
@@ -543,6 +559,8 @@ function extractRoomPolygons(walls: WallNode[]): Point2D[][] {
         toKey: fromKey,
         angle: Math.atan2(reversePoints[1]!.y - to.y, reversePoints[1]!.x - to.x),
         points: reversePoints,
+        wallId: wall.id,
+        face: 'back',
       })
 
       graph.get(fromKey)?.outgoing.push(forwardId)
@@ -572,7 +590,7 @@ function extractRoomPolygons(walls: WallNode[]): Point2D[][] {
   }
 
   const visitedDirected = new Set<string>()
-  const faces: Point2D[][] = []
+  const rooms: ExtractedRoom[] = []
   // A single face cannot revisit a half-edge, so the half-edge count bounds the
   // longest possible cycle. Splitting at junctions can multiply edges per wall.
   const maxSteps = Math.min(2000, halfEdges.size + 10)
@@ -620,13 +638,30 @@ function extractRoomPolygons(walls: WallNode[]): Point2D[][] {
     if (signedArea < 0.5 || signedArea > 10_000) continue
 
     const signature = polygonSignature(polygon)
-    if (faces.some((face) => polygonSignature(face) === signature)) continue
+    if (rooms.some((room) => polygonSignature(room.polygon) === signature)) continue
 
-    faces.push(polygon)
+    rooms.push({
+      polygon,
+      boundaryFaces: cycleEdgeIds.flatMap((id) => {
+        const edge = halfEdges.get(id)
+        if (!edge) return []
+        return [
+          {
+            wallId: edge.wallId,
+            face: edge.face,
+            points: edge.points.map(pointToTuple),
+          },
+        ]
+      }),
+    })
   }
 
-  faces.sort((a, b) => Math.abs(polygonArea(b)) - Math.abs(polygonArea(a)))
-  return faces
+  rooms.sort((a, b) => Math.abs(polygonArea(b.polygon)) - Math.abs(polygonArea(a.polygon)))
+  return rooms
+}
+
+function extractRoomPolygons(walls: WallNode[]): Point2D[][] {
+  return extractRooms(walls).map((room) => room.polygon)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -760,13 +795,14 @@ function levelStructureSnapshots(nodes: Record<string, any>) {
   return snapshots
 }
 
-function buildSpace(levelId: string, polygon: Point2D[]): Space {
-  const signature = polygonSignature(polygon)
+function buildSpace(levelId: string, room: ExtractedRoom): Space {
+  const signature = polygonSignature(room.polygon)
   return {
     id: `space-${levelId}-${signature.slice(0, 12)}`,
     levelId,
-    polygon: polygon.map(pointToTuple),
-    wallIds: [],
+    polygon: room.polygon.map(pointToTuple),
+    wallIds: [...new Set(room.boundaryFaces.map((boundary) => boundary.wallId))],
+    boundaryFaces: room.boundaryFaces,
     isExterior: false,
   }
 }
@@ -1169,7 +1205,8 @@ function syncAutoCeilingsForLevel(
 }
 
 function detectSpacesFromWalls(levelId: string, walls: WallNode[]) {
-  const roomPolygons = extractRoomPolygons(walls)
+  const rooms = extractRooms(walls)
+  const roomPolygons = rooms.map((room) => room.polygon)
   const wallUpdates: WallSideUpdate[] = walls.map((wall) => ({
     wallId: wall.id,
     ...(resolveWallSurfaceSides(wall, roomPolygons) satisfies Pick<
@@ -1180,7 +1217,7 @@ function detectSpacesFromWalls(levelId: string, walls: WallNode[]) {
 
   return {
     roomPolygons,
-    spaces: roomPolygons.map((polygon) => buildSpace(levelId, polygon)),
+    spaces: rooms.map((room) => buildSpace(levelId, room)),
     wallUpdates,
   }
 }

packages/editor/src/components/editor/selection-manager.tsx

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ import {
   type PaintHoverInfo,
   resolvePaintScopeTargets,
   slotDisplayLabel,
+  type WallPaintHit,
 } from '../../lib/paint-scope'
 import { getHoveredRoofSegmentOutlineProxy } from '../../lib/roof-hover-outline-proxy'
 import {
@@ -288,6 +289,29 @@ function meshSlotRoles(node: AnyNode): string[] {
 }
 
 const roofSelectionWorldPoint = new Vector3()
+const wallPaintWorldPoint = new Vector3()
+
+function resolveWallPaintHit(event: NodeEvent): WallPaintHit | undefined {
+  const wall = event.node
+  if (wall.type !== 'wall') return undefined
+  const root = getRegisteredNodeObject(wall.id)
+  if (!root) return undefined
+
+  root.updateWorldMatrix(true, false)
+  wallPaintWorldPoint.set(...event.position)
+  const local = root.worldToLocal(wallPaintWorldPoint)
+  const angle = Math.atan2(wall.end[1] - wall.start[1], wall.end[0] - wall.start[0])
+  const cos = Math.cos(angle)
+  const sin = Math.sin(angle)
+
+  return {
+    face: local.z >= 0 ? 'front' : 'back',
+    point: [
+      wall.start[0] + local.x * cos - local.z * sin,
+      wall.start[1] + local.x * sin + local.z * cos,
+    ],
+  }
+}
 
 function resolveRoofSegmentSelectionTarget(event: NodeEvent): RoofSegmentNode | null {
   const roof = event.node
@@ -841,6 +865,7 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
         // (Shift) re-keys the interaction → the preview re-applies for the new
         // spread instead of being deduped to the single-surface preview.
         const scope = useEditor.getState().paintScope
+        const wallHit = resolveWallPaintHit(event)
         const scopeTargets =
           compatible && role
             ? resolvePaintScopeTargets({
@@ -850,10 +875,15 @@ export const SelectionManager = () => {
                 nodes: useScene.getState().nodes,
                 spaces: useEditor.getState().spaces,
                 slotRolesOf: () => slotRoles,
+                wallHit,
               })
             : []
+        const scopeTargetKey = scopeTargets
+          .map((target) => `${target.nodeId}:${target.role}`)
+          .sort()
+          .join(',')
         return {
-          key: `${node.type}:${node.id}:${role ?? 'unsupported'}:${eraser ? 'erase' : 'paint'}:${scope}`,
+          key: `${node.type}:${node.id}:${role ?? 'unsupported'}:${eraser ? 'erase' : 'paint'}:${scope}:${scopeTargetKey}`,
           hoveredId: node.id as AnyNodeId,
           hoverMode: compatible ? 'paint-ready' : 'paint-disabled',
           paintHover:

packages/editor/src/lib/paint-scope.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'bun:test'
-import type { AnyNode, ItemNode, SlabNode, Space } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import {
+  type AnyNode,
+  detectSpacesForLevel,
+  type ItemNode,
+  type SlabNode,
+  type Space,
+  type WallNode,
+} from '@pascal-app/core'
 import {
   availablePaintScopes,
   cyclePaintScope,
@@ -7,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   type PaintScope,
   paintScopeLabel,
   resolvePaintScopeTargets,
+  type WallPaintHit,
 } from './paint-scope'
 
 describe('availablePaintScopes', () => {
@@ -76,8 +84,22 @@ function item(id: string, assetId: string): ItemNode {
 function slab(id: string, polygon: Array<[number, number]>): SlabNode {
   return { id, type: 'slab', polygon } as unknown as SlabNode
 }
-function wall(id: string, start: [number, number], end: [number, number]): AnyNode {
-  return { id, type: 'wall', start, end } as unknown as AnyNode
+function wall(
+  id: string,
+  start: [number, number],
+  end: [number, number],
+  levelId = 'l1',
+): WallNode {
+  return {
+    id,
+    type: 'wall',
+    parentId: levelId,
+    start,
+    end,
+    thickness: 0.2,
+    frontSide: 'unknown',
+    backSide: 'unknown',
+  } as unknown as WallNode
 }
 function roof(): AnyNode {
   return { id: 'r', type: 'roof' } as unknown as AnyNode
@@ -99,6 +121,7 @@ function resolve(args: {
   nodes: AnyNode[]
   spaces?: Space[]
   slotRolesOf?: (node: AnyNode) => string[]
+  wallHit?: WallPaintHit
 }) {
   return resolvePaintScopeTargets({
     node: args.node,
@@ -107,9 +130,23 @@ function resolve(args: {
     nodes: asMap(args.nodes),
     spaces: Object.fromEntries((args.spaces ?? []).map((s) => [s.id, s])),
     slotRolesOf: args.slotRolesOf ?? noSlotRoles,
+    wallHit: args.wallHit,
   })
 }
 
+function adjacentRooms(levelId = 'l1') {
+  const walls = [
+    wall('bottom-left', [0, 0], [4, 0], levelId),
+    wall('bottom-right', [4, 0], [8, 0], levelId),
+    wall('right', [8, 0], [8, 4], levelId),
+    wall('top-right', [8, 4], [4, 4], levelId),
+    wall('top-left', [4, 4], [0, 4], levelId),
+    wall('left', [0, 4], [0, 0], levelId),
+    wall('shared', [4, 0], [4, 4], levelId),
+  ]
+  return { walls, spaces: detectSpacesForLevel(levelId, walls).spaces }
+}
+
 describe('resolvePaintScopeTargets', () => {
   it('single always returns just the clicked surface', () => {
     const a = item('a', 'sofa')
@@ -145,40 +182,136 @@ describe('resolvePaintScopeTargets', () => {
     ])
   })
 
-  it('wall room fans the same side across the walls bounding the room polygon', () => {
-    // A 4×4 room: each wall's endpoints are exact polygon vertices.
-    const w1 = wall('w1', [0, 0], [4, 0])
-    const w2 = wall('w2', [4, 0], [4, 4])
-    const w3 = wall('w3', [4, 4], [0, 4])
-    const w4 = wall('w4', [0, 4], [0, 0])
-    const wOut = wall('wOut', [10, 10], [14, 10]) // not on the room boundary
-    const space: Space = {
-      id: 's1',
-      levelId: 'l1',
-      polygon: [
-        [0, 0],
-        [4, 0],
-        [4, 4],
-        [0, 4],
-      ],
-      wallIds: [], // always empty in practice — membership is geometric
-      isExterior: false,
-    }
-    const result = resolve({
-      node: w1,
+  it('wall room selects the enclosed space on the clicked face of a shared wall', () => {
+    const { walls, spaces } = adjacentRooms()
+    const shared = walls.find((candidate) => String(candidate.id) === 'shared')!
+
+    const leftRoom = resolve({
+      node: shared,
       role: 'interior',
       scope: 'room',
-      nodes: [w1, w2, w3, w4, wOut],
-      spaces: [space],
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'front', point: [3.9, 2] },
+    })
+    expect(keys(leftRoom).sort()).toEqual([
+      'bottom-left:interior',
+      'left:interior',
+      'shared:interior',
+      'top-left:interior',
+    ])
+
+    const rightRoom = resolve({
+      node: shared,
+      role: 'exterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [4.1, 2] },
+    })
+    expect(keys(rightRoom).sort()).toEqual([
+      'bottom-right:interior',
+      'right:interior',
+      'shared:exterior',
+      'top-right:interior',
+    ])
+  })
+
+  it('wall room preserves the vertical band while mapping each boundary face side', () => {
+    const { walls, spaces } = adjacentRooms()
+    const shared = walls.find((candidate) => String(candidate.id) === 'shared')!
+    const result = resolve({
+      node: shared,
+      role: 'lowerExterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [4.1, 2] },
     })
     expect(keys(result).sort()).toEqual([
-      'w1:interior',
-      'w2:interior',
-      'w3:interior',
-      'w4:interior',
+      'bottom-right:lowerInterior',
+      'right:lowerInterior',
+      'shared:lowerExterior',
+      'top-right:lowerInterior',
     ])
   })
 
+  it('wall room maps a reversed boundary wall to its rendered side', () => {
+    const { walls } = adjacentRooms()
+    const topRight = walls.find((candidate) => String(candidate.id) === 'top-right')!
+    topRight.start = [4, 4]
+    topRight.end = [8, 4]
+    const spaces = detectSpacesForLevel('l1', walls).spaces
+    const shared = walls.find((candidate) => String(candidate.id) === 'shared')!
+    const result = resolve({
+      node: shared,
+      role: 'exterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [4.1, 2] },
+    })
+
+    expect(keys(result)).toContain('top-right:exterior')
+    expect(keys(result)).not.toContain('top-right:interior')
+  })
+
+  it('wall room excludes duplicate geometry and spaces from another level', () => {
+    const levelA = adjacentRooms('l1')
+    const levelB = adjacentRooms('l2')
+    const levelBWalls = levelB.walls.map((candidate) => ({
+      ...candidate,
+      id: `other-${candidate.id}`,
+    })) as unknown as WallNode[]
+    const otherSpaces = detectSpacesForLevel('l2', levelBWalls).spaces
+    const shared = levelA.walls.find((candidate) => String(candidate.id) === 'shared')!
+    const result = resolve({
+      node: shared,
+      role: 'interior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: [...levelA.walls, ...levelBWalls],
+      spaces: [...levelA.spaces, ...otherSpaces],
+      wallHit: { face: 'front', point: [3.9, 2] },
+    })
+    expect(keys(result).every((key) => !key.startsWith('other-'))).toBe(true)
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(4)
+  })
+
+  it('wall room uses the hit subsegment when one long wall bounds adjacent bays', () => {
+    const long = wall('long', [0, 0], [8, 0])
+    const walls = [
+      long,
+      wall('left', [0, 0], [0, -3]),
+      wall('left-bottom', [0, -3], [4, -3]),
+      wall('divider', [4, -3], [4, 0]),
+      wall('right-bottom', [4, -3], [8, -3]),
+      wall('right', [8, -3], [8, 0]),
+    ]
+    const spaces = detectSpacesForLevel('l1', walls).spaces
+
+    const leftBay = resolve({
+      node: long,
+      role: 'exterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [2, -0.1] },
+    })
+    const rightBay = resolve({
+      node: long,
+      role: 'exterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [6, -0.1] },
+    })
+
+    expect(keys(leftBay).some((key) => key.startsWith('left-bottom:'))).toBe(true)
+    expect(keys(leftBay).some((key) => key.startsWith('right-bottom:'))).toBe(false)
+    expect(keys(rightBay).some((key) => key.startsWith('right-bottom:'))).toBe(true)
+    expect(keys(rightBay).some((key) => key.startsWith('left-bottom:'))).toBe(false)
+  })
+
   it('wall room with no enclosing space falls back to single', () => {
     const w1 = wall('w1', [0, 0], [4, 0])
     expect(
@@ -186,6 +319,97 @@ describe('resolvePaintScopeTargets', () => {
     ).toEqual(['w1:interior'])
   })
 
+  it('wall room paints the connected exterior envelope from an exterior face', () => {
+    const walls = [
+      wall('bottom', [0, 0], [4, 0]),
+      wall('right', [4, 0], [4, 4]),
+      wall('top', [4, 4], [0, 4]),
+      wall('left', [0, 4], [0, 0]),
+    ]
+    const spaces = detectSpacesForLevel('l1', walls).spaces
+    expect(
+      keys(
+        resolve({
+          node: walls[0]!,
+          role: 'exterior',
+          scope: 'room',
+          nodes: walls,
+          spaces,
+          wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [2, -0.1] },
+        }),
+      ).sort(),
+    ).toEqual(['bottom:exterior', 'left:exterior', 'right:exterior', 'top:exterior'])
+  })
+
+  it('wall room does not cross to a disconnected exterior envelope', () => {
+    const first = [
+      wall('a-bottom', [0, 0], [4, 0]),
+      wall('a-right', [4, 0], [4, 4]),
+      wall('a-top', [4, 4], [0, 4]),
+      wall('a-left', [0, 4], [0, 0]),
+    ]
+    const second = [
+      wall('b-bottom', [10, 0], [14, 0]),
+      wall('b-right', [14, 0], [14, 4]),
+      wall('b-top', [14, 4], [10, 4]),
+      wall('b-left', [10, 4], [10, 0]),
+    ]
+    const walls = [...first, ...second]
+    const spaces = detectSpacesForLevel('l1', walls).spaces
+    const result = resolve({
+      node: first[0]!,
+      role: 'exterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [2, -0.1] },
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(4)
+    expect(keys(result).every((key) => key.startsWith('a-'))).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('wall room excludes shared interior walls from the exterior envelope', () => {
+    const { walls, spaces } = adjacentRooms()
+    const bottomLeft = walls.find((candidate) => String(candidate.id) === 'bottom-left')!
+    const result = resolve({
+      node: bottomLeft,
+      role: 'exterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [2, -0.1] },
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(6)
+    expect(keys(result).some((key) => key.startsWith('shared:'))).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('wall room follows an exterior wall that is logically split across rooms', () => {
+    const long = wall('long', [0, 0], [8, 0])
+    const walls = [
+      long,
+      wall('right', [8, 0], [8, 4]),
+      wall('top-right', [8, 4], [4, 4]),
+      wall('top-left', [4, 4], [0, 4]),
+      wall('left', [0, 4], [0, 0]),
+      wall('divider', [4, 0], [4, 4]),
+    ]
+    const spaces = detectSpacesForLevel('l1', walls).spaces
+    const result = resolve({
+      node: long,
+      role: 'exterior',
+      scope: 'room',
+      nodes: walls,
+      spaces,
+      wallHit: { face: 'back', point: [2, -0.1] },
+    })
+
+    expect(keys(result).filter((key) => key === 'long:exterior')).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(keys(result).some((key) => key.startsWith('divider:'))).toBe(false)
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(5)
+  })
+
   it('slab room fans across slabs whose centroid sits in the same space', () => {
     const inside = slab('inA', [
       [1, 1],
@@ -215,6 +439,7 @@ describe('resolvePaintScopeTargets', () => {
         [0, 10],
       ],
       wallIds: [],
+      boundaryFaces: [],
       isExterior: false,
     }
     const result = resolve({

packages/editor/src/lib/paint-scope.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   type MaterialSchema,
   nodeRegistry,
   pointInPolygon2D,
-  pointOnSegment,
+  resolveLevelId,
   type SceneMaterial,
   type SceneMaterialId,
   type SlabNode,
@@ -104,47 +104,185 @@ export function slotDisplayLabel(node: AnyNode, role: string): string {
 
 type SlotsNode = AnyNode & { slots?: Record<string, string> }
 
-// Room polygons are built from wall *centerline* endpoints (see
-// `extractRoomPolygons`), so a wall's `start`/`end` are exact polygon vertices —
-// a small tolerance only absorbs float round-trips. `Space.wallIds` is always
-// empty, so room membership is resolved geometrically here instead.
-const WALL_ON_BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE = 0.05
+export type WallPaintHit = {
+  face: 'front' | 'back'
+  point: [number, number]
+}
 
-function pointOnPolygonBoundary(
+type WallBoundaryFace = Space['boundaryFaces'][number]
+
+function distanceToSegment(
   point: readonly [number, number],
-  polygon: ReadonlyArray<readonly [number, number]>,
-  tolerance: number,
-): boolean {
-  for (let i = 0; i < polygon.length; i += 1) {
-    const a = polygon[i]
-    const b = polygon[(i + 1) % polygon.length]
-    if (
-      a &&
-      b &&
-      pointOnSegment(
-        point as [number, number],
-        a as [number, number],
-        b as [number, number],
-        tolerance,
+  start: readonly [number, number],
+  end: readonly [number, number],
+): number {
+  const dx = end[0] - start[0]
+  const dz = end[1] - start[1]
+  const lengthSquared = dx * dx + dz * dz
+  if (lengthSquared < 1e-12) return Math.hypot(point[0] - start[0], point[1] - start[1])
+  const t = Math.max(
+    0,
+    Math.min(1, ((point[0] - start[0]) * dx + (point[1] - start[1]) * dz) / lengthSquared),
   )
-    ) {
-      return true
-    }
-  }
-  return false
+  return Math.hypot(point[0] - (start[0] + dx * t), point[1] - (start[1] + dz * t))
 }
 
-// A wall bounds a room when both its endpoints lie on the room polygon's
-// boundary (a shared wall lies on two rooms' boundaries; a wall radiating out of
-// a corner has only one endpoint on it and is correctly excluded).
-function wallBoundsRoom(
-  wall: WallNode,
-  polygon: ReadonlyArray<readonly [number, number]>,
-): boolean {
-  return (
-    pointOnPolygonBoundary(wall.start, polygon, WALL_ON_BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE) &&
-    pointOnPolygonBoundary(wall.end, polygon, WALL_ON_BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE)
-  )
+function distanceToPolyline(
+  point: readonly [number, number],
+  points: ReadonlyArray<readonly [number, number]>,
+): number {
+  let distance = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+  for (let index = 0; index < points.length - 1; index += 1) {
+    const start = points[index]
+    const end = points[index + 1]
+    if (!(start && end)) continue
+    distance = Math.min(distance, distanceToSegment(point, start, end))
+  }
+  return distance
+}
+
+function wallRoleForRoomFace(role: string, wall: WallNode, face: 'front' | 'back'): string | null {
+  const semantic = face === 'front' ? wall.frontSide : wall.backSide
+  const fallback = face === 'front' ? 'interior' : 'exterior'
+  const side = semantic === 'interior' || semantic === 'exterior' ? semantic : fallback
+
+  if (role === 'interior' || role === 'exterior') return side
+  if (role.endsWith('Interior'))
+    return `${role.slice(0, -'Interior'.length)}${side === 'interior' ? 'Interior' : 'Exterior'}`
+  if (role.endsWith('Exterior'))
+    return `${role.slice(0, -'Exterior'.length)}${side === 'interior' ? 'Interior' : 'Exterior'}`
+  return null
+}
+
+function resolveWallPaintSpace(args: {
+  wall: WallNode
+  wallHit: WallPaintHit
+  nodes: Record<string, AnyNode>
+  spaces: Record<string, Space>
+}): Space | null {
+  const { wall, wallHit, nodes, spaces } = args
+  const levelId = wall.parentId ?? resolveLevelId(wall, nodes)
+  const tolerance = (wall.thickness ?? 0.2) / 2 + 0.08
+  let best: { space: Space; distance: number } | null = null
+
+  for (const space of Object.values(spaces)) {
+    if (space.levelId !== levelId) continue
+    for (const boundary of space.boundaryFaces) {
+      if (boundary.wallId !== wall.id || boundary.face !== wallHit.face) continue
+      const distance = distanceToPolyline(wallHit.point, boundary.points)
+      if (distance > tolerance || (best && distance >= best.distance)) continue
+      best = { space, distance }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return best?.space ?? null
+}
+
+function boundaryPointKey(point: readonly [number, number]): string {
+  return `${point[0].toFixed(3)},${point[1].toFixed(3)}`
+}
+
+function boundarySegmentKey(boundary: WallBoundaryFace): string {
+  const forward = boundary.points.map(boundaryPointKey).join('|')
+  const reverse = [...boundary.points].reverse().map(boundaryPointKey).join('|')
+  return `${boundary.wallId}:${forward < reverse ? forward : reverse}`
+}
+
+function oppositeWallFace(face: 'front' | 'back'): 'front' | 'back' {
+  return face === 'front' ? 'back' : 'front'
+}
+
+function connectedExteriorBoundaries(args: {
+  wall: WallNode
+  wallHit: WallPaintHit
+  levelId: string
+  spaces: Record<string, Space>
+}): WallBoundaryFace[] {
+  const { wall, wallHit, levelId, spaces } = args
+  const occurrences = new Map<string, WallBoundaryFace[]>()
+
+  for (const space of Object.values(spaces)) {
+    if (space.levelId !== levelId) continue
+    for (const boundary of space.boundaryFaces) {
+      const key = boundarySegmentKey(boundary)
+      const entries = occurrences.get(key) ?? []
+      entries.push(boundary)
+      occurrences.set(key, entries)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const exterior = [...occurrences.values()].flatMap((entries) => {
+    const boundary = entries.length === 1 ? entries[0] : undefined
+    if (!boundary) return []
+    return [{ ...boundary, face: oppositeWallFace(boundary.face) }]
+  })
+  const tolerance = (wall.thickness ?? 0.2) / 2 + 0.08
+  const seed = exterior
+    .filter((boundary) => boundary.wallId === wall.id && boundary.face === wallHit.face)
+    .map((boundary) => ({ boundary, distance: distanceToPolyline(wallHit.point, boundary.points) }))
+    .filter((candidate) => candidate.distance <= tolerance)
+    .sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance)[0]?.boundary
+  if (!seed) return []
+
+  const boundariesByEndpoint = new Map<string, WallBoundaryFace[]>()
+  for (const boundary of exterior) {
+    const first = boundary.points[0]
+    const last = boundary.points[boundary.points.length - 1]
+    for (const point of [first, last]) {
+      if (!point) continue
+      const key = boundaryPointKey(point)
+      const entries = boundariesByEndpoint.get(key) ?? []
+      entries.push(boundary)
+      boundariesByEndpoint.set(key, entries)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const connected: WallBoundaryFace[] = []
+  const visited = new Set<string>()
+  const queue = [seed]
+  while (queue.length > 0) {
+    const boundary = queue.shift()
+    if (!boundary) continue
+    const key = `${boundarySegmentKey(boundary)}:${boundary.face}`
+    if (visited.has(key)) continue
+    visited.add(key)
+    connected.push(boundary)
+
+    const first = boundary.points[0]
+    const last = boundary.points[boundary.points.length - 1]
+    for (const point of [first, last]) {
+      if (!point) continue
+      for (const neighbour of boundariesByEndpoint.get(boundaryPointKey(point)) ?? []) {
+        queue.push(neighbour)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return connected
+}
+
+function wallTargetsForBoundaries(args: {
+  boundaries: WallBoundaryFace[]
+  role: string
+  levelId: string
+  nodes: Record<string, AnyNode>
+}): Array<{ nodeId: AnyNodeId; role: string }> {
+  const { boundaries, role, levelId, nodes } = args
+  const targets = new Map<string, { nodeId: AnyNodeId; role: string }>()
+  for (const boundary of boundaries) {
+    const targetWall = nodes[boundary.wallId]
+    if (
+      targetWall?.type !== 'wall' ||
+      (targetWall.parentId ?? resolveLevelId(targetWall, nodes)) !== levelId
+    ) {
+      continue
+    }
+    const targetRole = wallRoleForRoomFace(role, targetWall, boundary.face)
+    if (!targetRole) continue
+    const key = `${targetWall.id}:${targetRole}`
+    targets.set(key, { nodeId: targetWall.id as AnyNodeId, role: targetRole })
+  }
+  return [...targets.values()]
 }
 
 function polygonCentroid(
@@ -178,8 +316,9 @@ export function resolvePaintScopeTargets(args: {
   nodes: Record<string, AnyNode>
   spaces: Record<string, Space>
   slotRolesOf: (node: AnyNode) => string[]
+  wallHit?: WallPaintHit
 }): Array<{ nodeId: AnyNodeId; role: string }> {
-  const { node, role, scope, nodes, spaces, slotRolesOf } = args
+  const { node, role, scope, nodes, spaces, slotRolesOf, wallHit } = args
   const single = [{ nodeId: node.id as AnyNodeId, role }]
   if (scope === 'single') return single
 
@@ -202,11 +341,15 @@ export function resolvePaintScopeTargets(args: {
 
   if (node.type === 'wall' && scope === 'room') {
     const wall = node as WallNode
-    const space = Object.values(spaces).find((candidate) => wallBoundsRoom(wall, candidate.polygon))
-    if (!space) return single
-    return Object.values(nodes)
-      .filter((other) => other.type === 'wall' && wallBoundsRoom(other as WallNode, space.polygon))
-      .map((other) => ({ nodeId: other.id as AnyNodeId, role }))
+    if (!wallHit) return single
+    const levelId = wall.parentId ?? resolveLevelId(wall, nodes)
+    if (!levelId) return single
+    const space = resolveWallPaintSpace({ wall, wallHit, nodes, spaces })
+    const boundaries = space
+      ? space.boundaryFaces
+      : connectedExteriorBoundaries({ wall, wallHit, levelId, spaces })
+    const targets = wallTargetsForBoundaries({ boundaries, role, levelId, nodes })
+    return targets.length > 0 ? targets : single
   }
 
   if (node.type === 'slab' && scope === 'room') {

packages/nodes/src/shared/polygon-vertex-affordance.ts

@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ export type PolygonEdgeSnapContext<N extends PolygonShape & { id: AnyNodeId }> =
 }
 
 type PolygonAffordanceOptions<N extends PolygonShape & { id: AnyNodeId }> = {
+  /** Data committed only when the outer boundary (not a hole) is edited. */
+  boundaryCommitData?: Partial<N>
   resolvePlanPoint?: (context: PolygonAffordanceSnapContext<N>) => WallPlanPoint
   /**
    * `move-edge` only: absolute edge snap. The point-based resolver runs
@@ -107,9 +109,10 @@ function buildRingPatch(
   node: PolygonShape,
   holeIndex: number | undefined,
   nextRing: ReadonlyArray<[number, number]>,
+  boundaryCommitData?: object,
 ): unknown {
   if (holeIndex === undefined) {
-    return { polygon: nextRing }
+    return { ...boundaryCommitData, polygon: nextRing }
   }
   const nextHoles = (node.holes ?? []).map((hole, i) =>
     i === holeIndex ? nextRing : hole.map(([x, y]) => [x, y] as [number, number]),
@@ -163,7 +166,7 @@ export function createPolygonVertexAffordance<N extends PolygonShape & { id: Any
           const nextRing: [number, number][] = originalRing.map((p, i) =>
             i === vertexIndex ? [snapped[0], snapped[1]] : p,
           )
-          const patch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, nextRing)
+          const patch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, nextRing, options?.boundaryCommitData)
           useScene
             .getState()
             .updateNodes([{ id: node.id, data: patch as Partial<unknown> as never }])
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ export function createPolygonAddVertexAffordance<N extends PolygonShape & { id:
 
       // Apply the insert immediately so the user sees the new vertex
       // before they even move.
-      const initialPatch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, initialRing)
+      const initialPatch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, initialRing, options?.boundaryCommitData)
       useScene
         .getState()
         .updateNodes([{ id: node.id, data: initialPatch as Partial<unknown> as never }])
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ export function createPolygonAddVertexAffordance<N extends PolygonShape & { id:
           const nextRing: [number, number][] = initialRing.map((p, i) =>
             i === newVertexIndex ? [snapped[0], snapped[1]] : p,
           )
-          const patch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, nextRing)
+          const patch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, nextRing, options?.boundaryCommitData)
           useScene
             .getState()
             .updateNodes([{ id: node.id, data: patch as Partial<unknown> as never }])
@@ -385,7 +388,7 @@ export function createPolygonMoveEdgeAffordance<N extends PolygonShape & { id: A
             }
             return [p[0], p[1]] as [number, number]
           })
-          const patch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, nextRing)
+          const patch = buildRingPatch(node, holeIndex, nextRing, options?.boundaryCommitData)
           useScene
             .getState()
             .updateNodes([{ id: node.id, data: patch as Partial<unknown> as never }])

packages/nodes/src/shared/roof-wall-opening-cut.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { DoorNode, RoofSegmentNode, WindowNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { getRoofWallFaceFrame, roofFacePointToSegment } from '@pascal-app/core'
-import { buildOpeningCutoutGeometry, hasFlatOpeningCutoutBottom } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
+import { buildOpeningCutoutGeometry, getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding } from '@pascal-app/viewer'
 import * as THREE from 'three'
 
 /**
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export function buildRoofWallOpeningCut(
   // Only a flat bottom chord may extend; a rounded bottom is never
   // coplanar and shifting it would distort the profile.
   const bottom = node.position[1] - node.height / 2
-  const bottomPad = bottom < 0.005 && hasFlatOpeningCutoutBottom(node) ? 0.02 : 0
+  const bottomPad = getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(node, bottom)
 
   const center = roofFacePointToSegment(hostSegment, node.roofFace, [
     node.position[0],

packages/nodes/src/site/recessed-slab-ground-holes.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test'
+import { type AnyNode, SlabNode, WallNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import { getRecessedSlabGroundHoles } from './recessed-slab-ground-holes'
+
+describe('getRecessedSlabGroundHoles', () => {
+  test('uses the rendered wall-face footprint instead of the stored centerline polygon', () => {
+    const parentId = 'level_ground-holes'
+    const slab = SlabNode.parse({
+      id: 'slab_ground-holes',
+      parentId,
+      elevation: -0.15,
+      polygon: [
+        [0, 0],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 2],
+        [0, 2],
+      ],
+    })
+    const walls = [
+      WallNode.parse({ id: 'wall_ground-holes-a', parentId, start: [0, 0], end: [2, 0] }),
+      WallNode.parse({ id: 'wall_ground-holes-b', parentId, start: [2, 0], end: [2, 2] }),
+      WallNode.parse({ id: 'wall_ground-holes-c', parentId, start: [2, 2], end: [0, 2] }),
+      WallNode.parse({ id: 'wall_ground-holes-d', parentId, start: [0, 2], end: [0, 0] }),
+    ]
+    const nodes = Object.fromEntries([slab, ...walls].map((node) => [node.id, node])) as Record<
+      string,
+      AnyNode
+    >
+
+    const [hole] = getRecessedSlabGroundHoles(nodes)
+    const xs = hole!.map(([x]) => x)
+    const zs = hole!.map(([, z]) => z)
+
+    expect(Math.min(...xs)).toBeCloseTo(-0.05)
+    expect(Math.max(...xs)).toBeCloseTo(2.05)
+    expect(Math.min(...zs)).toBeCloseTo(-0.05)
+    expect(Math.max(...zs)).toBeCloseTo(2.05)
+  })
+
+  test('excludes non-recessed slabs', () => {
+    const slab = SlabNode.parse({
+      id: 'slab_ground-holes-raised',
+      elevation: 0.15,
+      polygon: [
+        [0, 0],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 2],
+        [0, 2],
+      ],
+    })
+
+    expect(getRecessedSlabGroundHoles({ [slab.id]: slab })).toEqual([])
+  })
+})

packages/nodes/src/site/recessed-slab-ground-holes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import {
+  type AnyNode,
+  getRenderableSlabPolygon,
+  type SlabNode,
+  type SlabPolygonContext,
+  type WallNode,
+} from '@pascal-app/core'
+
+export function getRecessedSlabGroundHoles(
+  nodes: Record<string, AnyNode>,
+): Array<Array<[number, number]>> {
+  const nodeList = Object.values(nodes)
+  const levelIndexById = new Map<string, number>()
+  const wallsByLevel = new Map<string | null, WallNode[]>()
+  const slabsByLevel = new Map<string | null, SlabNode[]>()
+  let lowestLevelIndex = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+
+  const pushByLevel = <T>(map: Map<string | null, T[]>, levelId: string | null, node: T) => {
+    const entries = map.get(levelId)
+    if (entries) entries.push(node)
+    else map.set(levelId, [node])
+  }
+
+  for (const node of nodeList) {
+    if (node.type === 'level') {
+      levelIndexById.set(node.id, node.level)
+      lowestLevelIndex = Math.min(lowestLevelIndex, node.level)
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const levelId = node.parentId ?? null
+    if (node.type === 'wall') pushByLevel(wallsByLevel, levelId, node)
+    else if (node.type === 'slab') pushByLevel(slabsByLevel, levelId, node)
+  }
+
+  return nodeList
+    .filter(
+      (node): node is SlabNode =>
+        node.type === 'slab' &&
+        node.visible &&
+        node.polygon.length >= 3 &&
+        (node.elevation ?? 0.05) < 0,
+    )
+    .filter((slab) => {
+      if (!Number.isFinite(lowestLevelIndex)) return true
+      const parentLevel = slab.parentId ? levelIndexById.get(slab.parentId) : undefined
+      return parentLevel === lowestLevelIndex
+    })
+    .map((slab) => {
+      const levelId = slab.parentId ?? null
+      const context: SlabPolygonContext = {
+        walls: wallsByLevel.get(levelId) ?? [],
+        siblingSlabs: (slabsByLevel.get(levelId) ?? []).filter((sibling) => sibling.id !== slab.id),
+      }
+      return getRenderableSlabPolygon(slab, context)
+    })
+}

packages/nodes/src/site/renderer.tsx

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import {
   type AnyNodeId,
   type SiteNode,
-  type SlabNode,
   useLiveNodeOverrides,
   useRegistry,
   useScene,
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ import {
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
 import {
   BufferGeometry,
-  CircleGeometry,
   Float32BufferAttribute,
   type Group,
   Path,
@@ -30,6 +28,7 @@ import {
 } from 'three'
 import { cameraPosition, color, float, mix, positionWorld, smoothstep, vec2 } from 'three/tsl'
 import { MeshLambertNodeMaterial } from 'three/webgpu'
+import { getRecessedSlabGroundHoles } from './recessed-slab-ground-holes'
 
 const Y_OFFSET = 0.01
 
@@ -66,6 +65,45 @@ const createBoundaryLineGeometry = (points: Array<[number, number]>): BufferGeom
 
 type S = ReturnType<typeof useScene.getState>
 
+function polygonsMatch(
+  a: Array<Array<[number, number]>>,
+  b: Array<Array<[number, number]>>,
+): boolean {
+  return (
+    a.length === b.length &&
+    a.every(
+      (polygon, polygonIndex) =>
+        polygon.length === b[polygonIndex]?.length &&
+        polygon.every(
+          (point, pointIndex) =>
+            point[0] === b[polygonIndex]?.[pointIndex]?.[0] &&
+            point[1] === b[polygonIndex]?.[pointIndex]?.[1],
+        ),
+    )
+  )
+}
+
+function addSlabHoles(
+  shape: Shape,
+  slabPolygons: Array<Array<[number, number]>>,
+  originX = 0,
+  originZ = 0,
+) {
+  const localPolygons = slabPolygons.map((polygon) =>
+    polygon.map(([x, z]): [number, number] => [x - originX, -(z - originZ)]),
+  )
+  for (const ring of unionPolygons(localPolygons)) {
+    if (ring.length < 3) continue
+    const hole = new Path()
+    hole.moveTo(ring[0]![0], ring[0]![1])
+    for (let index = 1; index < ring.length; index += 1) {
+      hole.lineTo(ring[index]![0], ring[index]![1])
+    }
+    hole.closePath()
+    shape.holes.push(hole)
+  }
+}
+
 export const SiteRenderer = ({ node }: { node: SiteNode }) => {
   const ref = useRef<Group>(null!)
 
@@ -164,45 +202,13 @@ export const SiteRenderer = ({ node }: { node: SiteNode }) => {
     return material
   }, [bgColor, backgroundColor, skyColor, appearance, maxLightIntensity, fadeBounds])
 
-  const horizonGeometry = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!fadeBounds) return null
-    return new CircleGeometry(Math.max(fadeBounds.radius * 8, 400), 64)
-  }, [fadeBounds])
-  useEffect(() => () => horizonGeometry?.dispose(), [horizonGeometry])
-
-  // Cache slab polygon references to keep the selector stable across unrelated store updates
+  // Cache computed polygons to keep the selector stable across unrelated store updates.
   const slabPolygonsCache = useRef<[number, number][][]>([])
   const slabPolygons = useScene((state: S) => {
-    const nodeList = Object.values(state.nodes)
-
-    const levelIndexById = new Map<string, number>()
-    let lowestLevelIndex = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
-    nodeList.forEach((n) => {
-      if (n.type !== 'level') return
-      levelIndexById.set(n.id, n.level)
-      lowestLevelIndex = Math.min(lowestLevelIndex, n.level)
-    })
-
-    const next = nodeList
-      .filter(
-        (n): n is SlabNode =>
-          n.type === 'slab' &&
-          n.visible &&
-          n.polygon.length >= 3 &&
-          // Only recessed slabs should punch through the site ground.
-          // Positive slabs are real floor geometry and should not create a
-          // ghost footprint in the background ground fill.
-          (n.elevation ?? 0.05) < 0,
-      )
-      .filter((n) => {
-        if (!Number.isFinite(lowestLevelIndex)) return true
-        const parentLevel = n.parentId ? levelIndexById.get(n.parentId as string) : undefined
-        return parentLevel === lowestLevelIndex
-      })
-      .map((n) => n.polygon as [number, number][])
+    const next = getRecessedSlabGroundHoles(state.nodes)
 
     const prev = slabPolygonsCache.current
-    if (next.length === prev.length && next.every((p, i) => p === prev[i])) return prev
+    if (polygonsMatch(next, prev)) return prev
     slabPolygonsCache.current = next
     return next
   })
@@ -217,20 +223,27 @@ export const SiteRenderer = ({ node }: { node: SiteNode }) => {
     for (let i = 1; i < pts.length; i++) shape.lineTo(pts[i]![0], -pts[i]![1])
     shape.closePath()
 
-    if (slabPolygons.length > 0) {
-      for (const ring of unionPolygons(slabPolygons.map((p) => p.map((pt) => [pt[0], -pt[1]])))) {
-        if (ring.length < 3) continue
-        const hole = new Path()
-        hole.moveTo(ring[0]![0], ring[0]![1])
-        for (let i = 1; i < ring.length; i++) hole.lineTo(ring[i]![0], ring[i]![1])
-        hole.closePath()
-        shape.holes.push(hole)
-      }
-    }
+    addSlabHoles(shape, slabPolygons)
 
     return shape
   }, [polygonPoints, slabPolygons])
 
+  const horizonGeometry = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!fadeBounds) return null
+    const radius = Math.max(fadeBounds.radius * 8, 400)
+    const shape = new Shape()
+    const segments = 64
+    shape.moveTo(radius, 0)
+    for (let index = 1; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+      const angle = (index / segments) * Math.PI * 2
+      shape.lineTo(Math.cos(angle) * radius, Math.sin(angle) * radius)
+    }
+    shape.closePath()
+    addSlabHoles(shape, slabPolygons, fadeBounds.cx, fadeBounds.cz)
+    return new ShapeGeometry(shape)
+  }, [fadeBounds, slabPolygons])
+  useEffect(() => () => horizonGeometry?.dispose(), [horizonGeometry])
+
   // Create boundary line geometry
   const lineGeometry = useMemo(() => {
     if (!polygonPoints || polygonPoints.length < 2) return null

packages/nodes/src/slab/__tests__/definition.test.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test'
 import { pointInPolygon2D, SlabNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
 import { slabDefinition } from '../definition'
 
-function getHeightHandlePosition(slab: SlabNode) {
+function getHeightHandle(slab: SlabNode) {
   const handles =
     typeof slabDefinition.handles === 'function'
       ? slabDefinition.handles(slab)
@@ -13,7 +13,11 @@ function getHeightHandlePosition(slab: SlabNode) {
   if (!(heightHandle && heightHandle.kind === 'linear-resize')) {
     throw new Error('Missing slab height handle')
   }
-  return heightHandle.placement.position(slab, {} as never)
+  return heightHandle
+}
+
+function getHeightHandlePosition(slab: SlabNode) {
+  return getHeightHandle(slab).placement.position(slab, {} as never)
 }
 
 describe('slabDefinition handles', () => {
@@ -40,4 +44,20 @@ describe('slabDefinition handles', () => {
     expect(pointInPolygon2D([x, z], slab.polygon, { includeBoundary: false })).toBe(true)
     expect(pointInPolygon2D([x, z], slab.holes[0]!, { includeBoundary: true })).toBe(false)
   })
+
+  test('allows the elevation arrow to cross zero into a recessed slab', () => {
+    const slab = SlabNode.parse({
+      elevation: 0.05,
+      polygon: [
+        [0, 0],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 2],
+        [0, 2],
+      ],
+    })
+    const heightHandle = getHeightHandle(slab)
+
+    expect(heightHandle.min).toBe(-1)
+    expect(heightHandle.apply(slab, -0.15, {} as never)).toEqual({ elevation: -0.15 })
+  })
 })

packages/nodes/src/slab/__tests__/move-edge-affordance.test.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const MODIFIERS = { shiftKey: false, altKey: false, ctrlKey: false, metaKey: fal
  * Level + one wall (centerline z=0, t=0.1) + one manual slab whose bottom
  * edge starts 0.5m away from the wall.
  */
-function seedScene() {
+function seedScene(autoFromWalls = false) {
   const levelId = 'level_slab-move-edge' as AnyNodeId
   const wall = WallNode.parse({
     start: [0, 0],
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ function seedScene() {
       [4, 3],
       [0, 3],
     ],
-    autoFromWalls: false,
+    autoFromWalls,
     parentId: levelId,
   })
   const level = {
@@ -115,4 +115,22 @@ describe('slabMoveEdgeAffordance', () => {
     expect(updated.polygon[0]![1]).toBeCloseTo(1.5, 5)
     expect(updated.polygon[1]![1]).toBeCloseTo(1.5, 5)
   })
+
+  test('editing an auto-generated outer boundary makes the slab manual', () => {
+    const { slab } = seedScene(true)
+    const nodes = useScene.getState().nodes
+
+    const session = slabMoveEdgeAffordance.start({
+      node: nodes[slab.id] as SlabNodeType,
+      payload: { edgeIndex: 0 },
+      nodes,
+      initialPlanPoint: [2, 0.5],
+      gridSnapStep: 0.1,
+    } as never)
+
+    session.apply({ planPoint: [2, 1.5], modifiers: MODIFIERS })
+
+    const updated = useScene.getState().nodes[slab.id] as SlabNodeType
+    expect(updated.autoFromWalls).toBe(false)
+  })
 })

packages/nodes/src/slab/boundary-editor.tsx

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export const SlabBoundaryEditor: React.FC<{ slabId: SlabNode['id'] }> = ({ slabI
   const handlePolygonChange = useCallback(
     (newPolygon: Array<[number, number]>) => {
       clearSlabSnapFeedback()
-      updateNode(slabId, { polygon: newPolygon })
+      updateNode(slabId, { polygon: newPolygon, autoFromWalls: false })
       setSelection({ selectedIds: [slabId] })
     },
     [slabId, updateNode, setSelection],

packages/nodes/src/slab/definition.ts

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { SlabNode } from './schema'
 import { slabSlots } from './slots'
 
 const HEIGHT_HANDLE_OFFSET = 0.22
-const MIN_SLAB_ELEVATION = 0.02
+const MIN_SLAB_ELEVATION = -1
 
 function polygonVertexAverage(polygon: SlabNodeType['polygon']): [number, number] {
   if (polygon.length === 0) return [0, 0]
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ function slabHandleAnchor(slab: SlabNodeType): [number, number] {
 }
 
 // Slab height arrow — vertical chevron on solid slab surface near the
-// polygon center. Drags elevation (the extrusion thickness) with
-// `anchor: 'min'` so the bottom stays at world Y=0 and the top follows
-// the pointer. Same registry-handle pipeline as the column height arrow,
-// so live override + commit-on-release come for free.
+// polygon center. Drags elevation through zero: positive values extrude
+// upward from ground while negative values create a recessed floor whose
+// depth follows the pointer. Same registry-handle pipeline as the column
+// height arrow, so live override + commit-on-release come for free.
 function slabHeightHandle(): HandleDescriptor<SlabNodeType> {
   return {
     kind: 'linear-resize',

packages/nodes/src/slab/floorplan-affordances.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import {
  * Simpler model, no UX downside in practice.
  */
 const slabSnapOptions = {
+  boundaryCommitData: { autoFromWalls: false },
   resolvePlanPoint({
     node,
     nodes,

packages/nodes/src/slab/move-tool.tsx

@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ export const MoveSlabTool: React.FC<{ node: SlabNode }> = ({ node }) => {
         useScene.getState().updateNode(slabId, {
           polygon: translatePolygon(originalPolygon, deltaX, deltaZ),
           holes: originalHoles.map((h) => translatePolygon(h, deltaX, deltaZ)),
+          autoFromWalls: false,
         })
         useScene.getState().markDirty(slabId as AnyNodeId)
       }

packages/nodes/src/slab/parametrics.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const slabParametrics: ParametricDescriptor<SlabNode> = {
   groups: [
     {
       label: 'Elevation',
-      fields: [{ key: 'elevation', kind: 'number', unit: 'm', min: 0.02, max: 1, step: 0.01 }],
+      fields: [{ key: 'elevation', kind: 'number', unit: 'm', min: -1, max: 1, step: 0.01 }],
     },
   ],
   customPanel: () => import('./panel'),

packages/viewer/src/components/viewer/lights.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ const SHADOWS_DISABLED =
 // 0.9 read too heavy in review.
 const MAX_SHADOW_INTENSITY = 0.75
 
+// `normalBias` is measured in world units. The previous 0.3 moved shadow
+// lookups 30 cm off their surfaces, visibly detaching wall shadows at the
+// floor. Keep only a small offset for acne, with a tiny depth bias alongside it.
+const SHADOW_DEPTH_BIAS = -0.0001
+const SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS = 0.02
+
 // Shadow frustum framing. The frustum is fit to the BUILDING geometry (not the
 // camera): we union the bounds of all registered scene nodes, fit a sphere, and
 // size the directional light's ortho shadow camera to that sphere plus a margin.
@@ -259,9 +265,9 @@ export function Lights() {
           ref={(ref) => {
             lightRefs.current[index] = ref
           }}
-          shadow-bias={-0.002}
+          shadow-bias={SHADOW_DEPTH_BIAS}
           shadow-mapSize={[1024, 1024]}
-          shadow-normalBias={0.3}
+          shadow-normalBias={SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS}
           shadow-radius={2}
         >
           {light.castShadow && !SHADOWS_DISABLED ? (

packages/viewer/src/index.ts

@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ export { StairSystem } from './systems/stair/stair-system'
 // (arch / rounded / frameless opening) identical across both hosts.
 export {
   buildOpeningCutoutGeometry,
+  getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding,
   hasFlatOpeningCutoutBottom,
 } from './systems/wall/opening-cutout-geometry'
 export { WallCutout } from './systems/wall/wall-cutout'

packages/viewer/src/systems/door/door-floor-alignment.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// @ts-expect-error — bun:test is provided by the Bun runtime; viewer does not
+// depend on @types/bun so the import type is unresolved at compile time.
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test'
+import { DoorNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import * as THREE from 'three'
+import { buildDoorPreviewMesh } from '../../index'
+
+const DOOR_TYPES = [
+  'hinged',
+  'double',
+  'french',
+  'folding',
+  'pocket',
+  'barn',
+  'sliding',
+  'garage-sectional',
+  'garage-rollup',
+  'garage-tiltup',
+] as const
+
+function visibleBounds(mesh: THREE.Mesh): THREE.Box3 {
+  mesh.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+  const bounds = new THREE.Box3()
+  for (const child of mesh.children) {
+    if (child.name === 'cutout') continue
+    bounds.expandByObject(child, true)
+  }
+  return bounds
+}
+
+describe('door floor alignment', () => {
+  for (const doorType of DOOR_TYPES) {
+    test(`${doorType} does not extend below the opening floor`, () => {
+      const node = DoorNode.parse({
+        id: `door_floor-alignment-${doorType}`,
+        doorType,
+        operationState: 0,
+        threshold: true,
+      })
+      const mesh = buildDoorPreviewMesh(node)
+      const bounds = visibleBounds(mesh)
+
+      expect(bounds.min.y).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(-node.height / 2 - 1e-6)
+    })
+  }
+
+  test('keeps the wall cutout bottom locked to the opening floor', () => {
+    const node = DoorNode.parse({ id: 'door_floor-alignment-cutout' })
+    const mesh = buildDoorPreviewMesh(node)
+    const cutout = mesh.getObjectByName('cutout') as THREE.Mesh
+    cutout.geometry.computeBoundingBox()
+
+    expect(cutout.geometry.boundingBox?.min.y).toBeCloseTo(-node.height / 2, 6)
+  })
+})

packages/viewer/src/systems/door/door-system.tsx

@@ -2150,14 +2150,15 @@ function addGarageRollupDoor(
       addBox(curtain, revealMaterial, insideWidth - 0.08, 0.01, 0.012, 0, y, leafDepth / 2 + 0.012)
     }
 
+    const bottomBarHeight = 0.028
     addBox(
       curtain,
       revealMaterial,
       insideWidth - 0.04,
-      0.028,
+      bottomBarHeight,
       leafDepth + 0.018,
       0,
-      -visibleHeight,
+      -visibleHeight + bottomBarHeight / 2,
       leafDepth / 2 + 0.004,
     )
   }

packages/viewer/src/systems/slab/slab-system.tsx

@@ -107,21 +107,8 @@ function updateSlabGeometry(node: SlabNode, context: SlabPolygonContext, mesh: T
 
   // For negative elevation, shift the mesh down so the top face sits at Y=elevation
   // rather than at Y=0. Positive elevation stays at Y=0 (slab sits at floor level).
-  // A deterministic sub-3mm per-node lift breaks the coplanarity of slabs
-  // duplicated at the exact same position — identical depths z-fight, and no
-  // camera near/far tuning can separate them. Render-only: node data,
-  // snapping and measurements are untouched.
   const elevation = node.elevation ?? 0.05
-  mesh.position.y = (elevation < 0 ? elevation : 0) + coplanarityEpsilon(node.id)
-}
-
-// Stable id hash → 0..2.7 mm in 0.3 mm steps.
-function coplanarityEpsilon(id: string): number {
-  let hash = 0
-  for (let i = 0; i < id.length; i++) {
-    hash = (hash * 31 + id.charCodeAt(i)) | 0
-  }
-  return (Math.abs(hash) % 10) * 0.0003
+  mesh.position.y = elevation < 0 ? elevation : 0
 }
 
 /**

packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/opening-cutout-geometry.test.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type * as THREE from 'three'
 import {
   buildOpeningCutoutGeometry,
   buildOpeningCutoutShape,
+  getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding,
   hasFlatOpeningCutoutBottom,
 } from './opening-cutout-geometry'
 
@@ -208,3 +209,16 @@ describe('hasFlatOpeningCutoutBottom', () => {
     ).toBe(false)
   })
 })
+
+describe('getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding', () => {
+  test('pads floor-level openings with a flat bottom', () => {
+    expect(getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(DoorNode.parse({}), 0)).toBe(0.02)
+    expect(getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(DoorNode.parse({ openingShape: 'rounded' }), 0)).toBe(0.02)
+    expect(getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(WindowNode.parse({ openingShape: 'arch' }), 0)).toBe(0.02)
+  })
+
+  test('does not pad openings above the floor or rounded window bottoms', () => {
+    expect(getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(DoorNode.parse({}), 0.9)).toBe(0)
+    expect(getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(WindowNode.parse({ openingShape: 'rounded' }), 0)).toBe(0)
+  })
+})

packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/opening-cutout-geometry.ts

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ export type OpeningCutoutRect = {
 // The cutout proxy doubles as the invisible raycast hit target for an opening:
 // centered on the wall and extending past both faces so it wins the scene
 // raycast over the recessed door/window body for front AND back selection +
-// paint. It only needs to clear the wall thickness plus a small proud margin —
-// the wall CSG brush ignores this proxy's depth entirely (it rebuilds its own
-// full-thickness box from the proxy's X/Y bounds in `collectCutoutBrushes`), so
-// a snug depth keeps the cut intact while no longer blanketing the room floor in
-// a top-down view (the bug a 1m-deep proxy caused in narrow hallways).
+// paint. Wall CSG rebuilds opening cuts directly from node data, so this proxy
+// only needs to clear the wall thickness plus a small proud margin. A snug depth
+// keeps the hit target useful without blanketing the room floor in a top-down
+// view (the bug a 1m-deep proxy caused in narrow hallways).
 const OPENING_CUTOUT_PROXY_PROUD_MARGIN = 0.08
+const OPENING_CUTOUT_BOTTOM_PADDING = 0.02
 
 export function getOpeningCutoutProxyDepth(wallThickness: number): number {
   return Math.max(wallThickness, 0) + OPENING_CUTOUT_PROXY_PROUD_MARGIN
@@ -128,6 +128,14 @@ export function hasFlatOpeningCutoutBottom(opening: OpeningCutoutNode): boolean
   return Math.max(opening.cornerRadius ?? 0.15, 0) <= 1e-6
 }
 
+/**
+ * Extends floor-level flat cutouts below the host wall so CSG never has to
+ * subtract a face exactly coplanar with the wall base.
+ */
+export function getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(opening: OpeningCutoutNode, bottom: number): number {
+  return bottom < 0.005 && hasFlatOpeningCutoutBottom(opening) ? OPENING_CUTOUT_BOTTOM_PADDING : 0
+}
+
 function getRoundedOpeningRadii(
   opening: OpeningCutoutNode,
   width: number,

packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/wall-opening-cutout.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// @ts-expect-error — bun:test is provided by the Bun runtime; viewer does not
+// depend on @types/bun so the import type is unresolved at compile time.
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test'
+import { calculateLevelMiters, DoorNode, sceneRegistry, WallNode } from '@pascal-app/core'
+import * as THREE from 'three'
+import { generateExtrudedWall } from './wall-system'
+
+describe('wall opening cutout', () => {
+  test('cuts a floor-level door directly from node geometry without a proxy mesh', () => {
+    const wall = WallNode.parse({
+      id: 'wall_floor-opening-cutout',
+      start: [0, 0],
+      end: [2, 0],
+      height: 2.5,
+      thickness: 0.1,
+    })
+    const door = DoorNode.parse({
+      id: 'door_floor-opening-cutout',
+      wallId: wall.id,
+      position: [1, 1.05, 0],
+      width: 0.9,
+      height: 2.1,
+    })
+    const wallMesh = new THREE.Mesh()
+    sceneRegistry.nodes.set(wall.id, wallMesh)
+
+    try {
+      const geometry = generateExtrudedWall(wall, [door], calculateLevelMiters([wall]))
+      const position = geometry.getAttribute('position')
+      const index = geometry.index
+      const openingLeft = door.position[0] - door.width / 2
+      const openingRight = door.position[0] + door.width / 2
+      let wallFaceTrianglesInsideOpening = 0
+      let baseTrianglesInsideOpening = 0
+
+      for (let offset = 0; offset < (index?.count ?? position.count); offset += 3) {
+        const indices = [0, 1, 2].map((corner) =>
+          index ? index.getX(offset + corner) : offset + corner,
+        )
+        const vertices = indices.map(
+          (vertexIndex) =>
+            new THREE.Vector3(
+              position.getX(vertexIndex),
+              position.getY(vertexIndex),
+              position.getZ(vertexIndex),
+            ),
+        )
+        const centroid = vertices
+          .reduce((sum, vertex) => sum.add(vertex), new THREE.Vector3())
+          .multiplyScalar(1 / 3)
+        const insideOpeningX = centroid.x > openingLeft + 1e-4 && centroid.x < openingRight - 1e-4
+        if (!insideOpeningX) continue
+
+        const onWallFace = vertices.every(
+          (vertex) => Math.abs(Math.abs(vertex.z) - (wall.thickness ?? 0.1) / 2) < 1e-5,
+        )
+        if (onWallFace && centroid.y > 1e-4 && centroid.y < door.height - 1e-4) {
+          wallFaceTrianglesInsideOpening += 1
+        }
+
+        if (vertices.every((vertex) => Math.abs(vertex.y) < 1e-5)) {
+          baseTrianglesInsideOpening += 1
+        }
+      }
+
+      expect(wallFaceTrianglesInsideOpening).toBe(0)
+      expect(baseTrianglesInsideOpening).toBe(0)
+      geometry.dispose()
+    } finally {
+      sceneRegistry.nodes.delete(wall.id)
+      wallMesh.geometry.dispose()
+    }
+  })
+})

packages/viewer/src/systems/wall/wall-system.tsx

@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ import * as THREE from 'three'
 import { Brush, Evaluator, SUBTRACTION } from 'three-bvh-csg'
 import { computeBoundsTree } from 'three-mesh-bvh'
 import { ensureRenderableGeometryAttributes, prepareBrushForCSG } from '../../lib/csg-utils'
-import { buildOpeningCutoutGeometry } from './opening-cutout-geometry'
+import {
+  buildOpeningCutoutGeometry,
+  getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding,
+} from './opening-cutout-geometry'
 
 // Reusable CSG evaluator for better performance
 const csgEvaluator = new Evaluator()
@@ -713,9 +716,8 @@ function updateWallGeometry(wallId: string, miterData: WallMiterData) {
       if (child.type !== 'door' && child.type !== 'window') return child
       // `getEffectiveNode` folds in resize overrides (width/height arrows).
       // Position moves publish to `useLiveTransforms` instead, so fold that
-      // in too — otherwise shaped openings (arch/rounded/`opening`), whose
-      // cutout brush is rebuilt from `node.position`, lag the live move
-      // (rectangular cutouts already track via the live mesh matrixWorld).
+      // in too — opening cutout brushes are rebuilt directly from the
+      // effective node position rather than from the rendered proxy mesh.
       const effective = getEffectiveNode(child)
       const live = useLiveTransforms.getState().get(child.id)
       if (!live?.position) return effective
@@ -1060,8 +1062,9 @@ export function generateExtrudedWall(
 }
 
 /**
- * Collects cutout brushes from child items for CSG subtraction
- * The cutout mesh is a plane, so we extrude it into a box that goes through the wall
+ * Collects opening and item cutout brushes for CSG subtraction. Door/window
+ * cuts come directly from node geometry; item proxy meshes are transformed
+ * into wall-local boxes that pass through the wall.
  */
 function collectCutoutBrushes(
   wallNode: WallNode,
@@ -1079,17 +1082,8 @@ function collectCutoutBrushes(
   for (const child of childrenNodes) {
     if (child.type !== 'item' && child.type !== 'window' && child.type !== 'door') continue
 
-    if (
-      (child.type === 'door' && child.openingKind === 'opening') ||
-      (child.type === 'door' &&
-        child.openingKind === 'door' &&
-        (child.openingShape === 'arch' || child.openingShape === 'rounded')) ||
-      (child.type === 'window' && child.openingKind === 'opening') ||
-      (child.type === 'window' &&
-        child.openingKind === 'window' &&
-        (child.openingShape === 'arch' || child.openingShape === 'rounded'))
-    ) {
-      brushes.push(createShapedOpeningCutoutBrush(child, wallThickness))
+    if (child.type === 'door' || child.type === 'window') {
+      brushes.push(createOpeningCutoutBrush(child, wallThickness))
       continue
     }
 
@@ -1147,17 +1141,16 @@ function collectCutoutBrushes(
   return brushes
 }
 
-function createShapedOpeningCutoutBrush(
-  opening: DoorNode | WindowNode,
-  wallThickness: number,
-): Brush {
+function createOpeningCutoutBrush(opening: DoorNode | WindowNode, wallThickness: number): Brush {
   const halfWidth = opening.width / 2
+  const bottom = opening.position[1] - opening.height / 2
+  const bottomPadding = getOpeningCutoutBottomPadding(opening, bottom)
   const geometry = buildOpeningCutoutGeometry(
     opening,
     {
       left: opening.position[0] - halfWidth,
       right: opening.position[0] + halfWidth,
-      bottom: opening.position[1] - opening.height / 2,
+      bottom: bottom - bottomPadding,
       top: opening.position[1] + opening.height / 2,
     },
     wallThickness * 2,